Tube Capacity (2)

Keith Prince: What active measures are you taking to ensure that the Tube is better utilised in those times of day and times of year that are significantly under capacity?

The Mayor: Transport for London (TfL) encourages off peak use of the Tube with campaigns such as the ‘Wonderful world of off peak’, delivered in partnership with Time Out. The partnership provides suggestions of places to visit that are close to Tube stations and the associated best value Tube fares.
TfL actively promotes the Tube, including at times of the year when many Londoners might think services are not running, such as Bank holiday weekends, Easter, Christmas and New Year. This activity targets each Tube line at a local level, providing both the reassurance that local services are running and ideas of places to visit.
Research indicates that TfL’s marketing activity has increased the number of Londoners wanting to use public transport more - and their car less - by 8 per cent over the last 18 months.
TfL works to spread demand at the busiest times. It does this by using data and customer insights to target different audiences based on their origin, route and destination. The information that TfL subsequently provides helps customers avoid the busiest times and, if convenient for them, travel on the network at quieter times and locations. For example, TfL used data to promote use of the Bakerloo line as a quieter alternative during the works around Kennington in 2018. Customers were receptive to this, with 10 per cent still using their alternative Tube routes after the works concluded.

Visitors to London (1)

Keith Prince: How many domestic and international visitors did London have in 2018?

The Mayor: London had 19.8 million international visits in 2018 contributing £12.3 billion in spend and 11.9 milliondomestic overnight visits contributing £3 billion in spend, to the London economy.

Uber

Tony Devenish: The TfL press release on the decision to grant Uber a two month extension to its licence claims “The new two-month licence will have the same conditions that ULL has been subject to over the last 15 months, along with new conditions to ensure passenger safety.” Please provide details of the new conditions.

The Mayor: On 24 September Transport for London (TfL) announced its decision to issue Uber London Limited (ULL) with a two-month private hire operator licence. This was subject to 20 conditions. 14 of these conditions were first imposed by the Chief Magistrate in June 2018 and TfL considers these to remain relevant.
TfL has attached an additional six conditions to the new licence to ensure passenger safety.
A full list of all 20 conditions is attached with this answer.

Cab Enforcement Unit

David Kurten: In your answer to question MQ 2019/12072 which asked “Has TfL ever communicated to the Met Police’s cab enforcement unit that the Police should not talk or communicate with certain individuals or certain trade union representatives within the taxi or private hire industry?” you stated that “this is not, and never has been, a decision for TfL”, but you avoided saying whether or not TfL has ever communicated with the police about such a decision.
Could you give a direct answer to the question, stating whether or not TfL has ever communicated to the Met Police’s Cab Enforcement Unit on the matter?

The Mayor: As I mentioned in my response to Mayor's Question2019/12072, the Metropolitan Police Service Taxi and Private Hire Policing Team communicates and engages with any trade union representatives or industry groups it wishes to as part of its remit to improve the safety of travelling by taxi or private hire vehicle.
This is not, and never has been, a matter for Transport for London and neither I, nor TfL, are aware of anyone in TfL instructing the MPS to ignore anyone.

Cycle Paths (2)

Tony Devenish: How many other such schemes - with cyclists cutting from left to right - has TfL implemented, where are those schemes and what records of collisions between cyclists and pedestrians do you have?

The Mayor: Two-way cycle tracks have been implemented in numerous locations across London on both the Transport for London (TfL) Road Network and on borough roads. Two-way cycle tracks on one side of the road have practical advantages for some street types where a high degree of separation is required. These include a reduced number of interactions with side roads, less impact on parking and loading, as well as generally requiring less carriageway space than one-way cycle tracks.
TfL undertakes Road Safety Audits on all its schemes, and monitors collision data after implementation to ensure they are operating as intended.

Cycle Paths (3)

Tony Devenish: Do you recognise that segregated cycle paths can, by narrowing available road space, make it significantly more difficult for emergency vehicles to speed through those roads?

The Mayor: No, I do not recognise this. A number of factors influence emergency service response times, including distance to the scene and time of day. Statistics from the London Ambulance Service show that average first response running time for ambulances has not changed significantly since the construction of the East-West and North-South Cycle Superhighways. Introducing high-quality cycle facilities is critical to addressing the health crises affecting our City and to meeting my Vision Zero target of no deaths or serious injuries by 2041. It is not uncommon to see emergency services using segregated cycle lanes to bypass traffic queues, something that would not have been possible before the cycle lanes were built.

Heathrow Landing Slots

Tony Devenish: Following Heathrow Airport's recent strike shut down, will you lobby the Government to replace BA as the near monopoly operator and bring in proper competition on landing slots in order to support London’s economic prosperity?

The Mayor: It is regrettable when relations between employer and employees break down. A situation like this leaves hundreds of thousands of passengers caught in the crossfire through no fault of their own. I urge both parties to work together to find a solution which can avert further strikes taking place.
To clarify, there are strict rules governing the allocation of landing slots at airports such as Heathrow, which are the responsibility of an independent slot co-ordinator, and it is therefore not in the gift of Government to redistribute them.

Uber (3)

David Kurten: The Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998 s4(1) states that the holder of a London PHV operator’s licence (in this Act referred to as a "London PHV operator") shall not in London accept a private hire booking other than at an operating centre specified in his licence. Are you satisfied that UBER LONDON LTD accepts all the bookings made on Uber’s app for private hire vehicles and drivers licenced by TfL?

The Mayor: Transport for London is satisfied that Uber London Limited meets the requirements of the Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998 in accepting bookings at a London operating centre, that are then undertaken by London-licensed drivers in London-licensed vehicles.

Licensing of private hire operators

Caroline Pidgeon: A constituent has requested that I raise the following question with you:
Given that TfL has never undertaken a risk assessment when licensing operators who use apps to dispatch bookings to TfL licensed drivers when the vehicle is moving; and the interaction with a mobile phone, including reading text addresses when accepting an app booking causes driver distraction; and that TfL has failed to implement advanced driving tests for private hire drivers by the summer of 2017, do you think TfL Taxi and Private Hire is failing in its duty to protect road users? What changes will you implement to address these concerns?

The Mayor: I do not think that Transport for London (TfL) Taxi and Private Hire is failing in its duty to protect road users.
TfL is the licensing authority and regulator for taxi and private hire vehicle (PHV) services in London. In discharging its responsibilities, TfL makes licensing decisions and undertakes regulatory activity, with its primary concern being public safety.
Licensed PHV operators are required to be “fit and proper” and are responsible, along with licensed PHV drivers, for ensuring that services are safe.
TfL provides guidance to licensees here: www.tfl.gov.uk/travel-information/safety/road-safety-advice/driving-and-cycling-safety

Surface water flooding of Transport for London stations (2)

Caroline Russell: Given the disruption from recent surface-water flooding, what is Transport for London (TfL) doing to adapt stations and avoid closures? Will you publish details of the stations at risk and the investment programme undertaken to mitigate flood risks, including the 2016 London Underground Comprehensive Review of Flood Risks, and subsequent work?

The Mayor: Transport for London (TfL), through its weather service provider, has access to real time information and utilises the skills and knowledge of on call forecasters to respond appropriately to weather events.
Although it is not possible to accurately predict the exact location or stations that will be affected, whenever possible TfL deploys resources and equipment in advance to minimise anticipated disruption to customers. This includes additional staffing, pumps and cleaning materials, which all help to minimize the impact on passengers and keep stations open.
For security reasons, TfL will not be making the 2016 London Underground Comprehensive Review of Flood Risks public.

2014 Report from CIRAS about Fatigue from TOL Croydon Tram Drivers

Keith Prince: Item 64/11/47 from the 22 November 2017 Safety, Sustainability and Human Resources Panel (SSHR) Minutes (http://content.tfl.gov.uk/item03-minutes.pdf) records a TfL representative reporting that “CIRAS had submitted its 2014 report to FirstGroup, the operator of the tram and had not shared it with TfL at the time. Following the overturning incident on 9 November 2016, CIRAS shared relevant data with the investigating parties.”
Yet your response to Question 2017/3874 contains a link to the same CIRAS report which clearly shows this report was published for public viewing in March 2014. Can you provide any evidence to confirm the TfL representative's statement to the 22 November 2017 SSHR Panel Meeting that TfL did not receive a copy of the 2014 CIRAS report until after the Croydon Tram Crash?

The Mayor: I have no reason to believe that the post meeting note to the minutes of the 22 November 2017 Safety, Sustainability and Human Resources Panel was not accurate, but have asked Transport for London (TfL) to undertake a further check to confirm that position. TfL will provide you with a response.

Details of Consultations between TfL and TOL about IA 13744

Keith Prince: Correspondence dated 6 June 2014 from TfL to TOL you released in Question 2019/12003 refers to “following consultations with Nick Baker and TOL we have agreed the following details for this audit work” which became IA 13744.
Please provide me with all emails, notes and agreements relating to and resulting from those “consultations” to that 6 June 2014 correspondence to which TfL referred?

The Mayor: I have asked Transport for London to provide you with a response to this request.

Good Work Standard Employees Impacted

Leonie Cooper: 79 employers have either been accredited or begun the process of accreditation of the Good Work Standard to date. Please can you list the organisations that have already received accreditation and, if possible, the approximate number of employees each organisation employs?

The Mayor: 40 organisations are now accredited Good Work Standard employers. A further 48 have begun the process of accreditation. My team publish the list of Good Work Standard employers online here; https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/business-and-economy/supporting-business/good-work-standard-gws-0/good-work-standard-accredited-employers.
The team also monitor the number of London based employees working for a Good Work Standard employer. Currently the Good Work Standard covers 185,000 people working in London.

London & Partners

Leonie Cooper: London and Partners recently held their AGM. Are you satisfied that they are sufficiently ameliorating the impacts of Brexit and that the GLA is getting good value for its investment in L&P?

The Mayor: Yes, I am. London & Partners current strategy was developed to respond to the challenges of Brexit. This involved opening new offices in key markets and setting up a dedicated retention team who have delivered £25 million in economic benefit as a result of growth projects from existing London-based international companies. Additionally, they are undertaking specific efforts to respond during the Brexit period, including operating a help desk for businesses in the sectors they support.
Since they were established London & Partners have directly contributed over £2 billion of economic value and created or supported over 66,000 jobs.

Tube Noise [2]

Andrew Dismore: Which are the top 10 areas of London where tube noise complaints within carriages are prevalent, and how many complaints are recorded for each area?

The Mayor: Please find below the ten London Underground stations with the highest number of in-carriage noise complaints during 2019:
In-carriage noise complaints are recorded by the nearest station.
Transport for London (TfL) is implementing a number of immediate and longer-term solutions to tackle in-carriage noise. TfL spend approximately £150m a year on track improvements, which includes a continuous programme of rail grinding and track modernisation. This includes a dedicated annual budget of £1m for development of rail noise technology.
This will include the section between Euston and Tufnell Park, which is one of the loudest sections on the Tube network. Grinding in this area will start this month and will be completed by November 2019.

Tube Noise [1]

Andrew Dismore: Which are the top 10 areas of London where tube noise complaints by residents are prevalent, and how many complaints are recorded for each area?

The Mayor: Addressing Tube noise is a hugely important issue, and I have stressed to Transport for London (TfL) the importance of minimising noise levels. TfL is working hard to achieve this, continually monitoring levels across the Tube network, and carrying out practical action to address known concerns.
Please find below the ten sections of London Underground which have received the highest number of residential noise complaints:

Vision Zero (2)

Florence Eshalomi: There are a number of dangerous junctions in London that were not included in Vision Zero. Will there be further investment beyond the 73 junctions initially identified?

The Mayor: The 73 Safer Junctions on the Transport for London (TfL) Road Network that were identified in my Vision Zero Action Plan have been prioritised for investment following analysis that identifies them as having a high collision record for vulnerable road users. This list is reviewed on an annual basis to identify if further junctions should be added. London’s boroughs will also focus on locations for which they are highway authority too.
I am aware of the current London Cycle Campaign’s Dangerous Junction petition - which lists 15 specific junctions in London - and I have asked Transport for London to respond to this petition. These junctions have either recently been improved, or are being considered for future improvements.

Future Taxi Emissions

Keith Prince: If the Mayor cannot predict with any certainty future taxi driver numbers how can he be confident of future taxi emission estimates?

The Mayor: As of 6 October 2019, there were 19,156 taxis licensed. TfL’s projections of taxi emissions take into account recent trends including the changing size of the overall fleet, information on delicensing applications and the uptake of Zero Emission Capable taxis. The projections provide an appropriate estimate and level of confidence using information available. Further certainty in reducing emissions from taxis over the coming years is provided through the enhanced delicensing scheme, providing £42 millionto help remove the oldest and most polluting taxis, and TfL’s proposals for a phased age limit.
Figures for the number of licensed taxis and taxi drivers are published on TfL’s website.

Cargo Bikes

Leonie Cooper: Cargo bikes are starting to become very popular with local people and local businesses, particularly in the Wandsworth part of my constituency, as people start to think ahead to the expanded ULEZ. How is TfL encouraging their use by both local people and businesses?

The Mayor: Transport for London (TfL) is working with businesses and local people to encourage more use of cargo bikes in a number of ways.
The Freight & Servicing action plan, published in March 2019, sets out how TfL is working with businesses to encourage more cycle freight, including making land available for micro-distribution centres to enable last mile deliveries by cargo bike.
TfL provides funding for businesses through the Healthy Streets for Business Fund, helping business groups run cycle freight projects including recent schemes in Archway, London Bridge and Streatham.
TfL’s Cycling and Walking Grants programme funds community schemes such as CarryMe Bikes, a social enterprise based in East London which helps families, tradespeople and businesses move their precious cargo by bike instead of by car or van.
Over the summer, TfL worked in partnership with cargo bike manufacturers, distributors and stockists to host a Best Cargo Bike competition, judging sixteen cargo bikes in both business and family use categories. Eight judges - including my Walking and Cycling Commissioner and representatives from Mothercare, Sustrans and community cycling groups – picked two winners who have received an official endorsement from TfL to assist with their marketing.
Douze's G4e bike won the Best Cargo Bike - Business category. The Bicicapace Pelican and Harry Vs Larry Bullitt were highly regarded in this category. The Bakfiets Long won the Best Cargo Bike - Families category.. Bicicapace Justlong and Bakfiets Short were highly regarded in this category.

Tube Noise

Leonie Cooper: I have asked you previously about tube noise in hotspots in my constituency, but the forthcoming industrial action by members of the RMT union highlights that this continues to be a network-wide issue. What progress have you made resolving tube noise, both for drivers and for local residents, and what actions will you take to make further improvements?

The Mayor: Addressing Tube noise is a hugely important issue and I have stressed to Transport for London (TfL) the importance of minimising noise levels across the network. TfL is working hard to achieve this.
TfL is also taking action to address in-carriage noise and has held a number of meetings with both the Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firement (ASLEF) and the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT), both of whom represent TfL’s train operators, in order to share plans that address their concerns. Following constructive engagement with the RMT on TfL’s plans to tackle Tube noise, I am pleased that it suspended their planned industrial action.
To mitigate noise impacts for local residents, since November 2015, TfL has carried out works near over 200 homes most affected by noise, installing thousands of new track fastenings, hundreds of metres of new track and grinding rails and removing rail joints where they are no longer necessary.
In addition to these productive discussions, TfL has committed additional funding to implement a number of immediate and longer-term solutions to tackle in-carriage noise. These include the implementation of an enhanced programme of rail grinding, which triples the amount of grinding at prioritised sites. This has now been successfully completed on the Bakerloo, Central and Victoria lines with readings indicating a significant reduction in noise levels. TfL is now moving onto the Northern and Jubilee lines with works expected to be completed by November 2019. This targeted grinding programme will continue until a long-term solution has been put in place.
As part of its work to identify a long-term solution TfL is currently trialing a new rail baseplate on the Jubilee line, which will be completed early next year. Based on the outcome of the trial, TfL will look to roll it out more widely.
It is important to note that while customers travelling on the network can experience noise, higher volumes tend to be for short periods of time. Health & Safety Executive guidance suggests that it is highly unlikely for tube noise to cause any long-term damage to customers’ hearing. Noise levels also remain within their legal limits for train operators.

Brexit preparedness funding (1)

Leonie Cooper: Can you break down how much of the £10.97m of Brexit preparedness funding provided by the Government, is going to each of the London boroughs?

The Mayor: The figure provided in my response to your previous question 2019/17598 was a GLA estimate based on the following:

London Power

Leonie Cooper: How many people have so far registered for interest in London Power?

The Mayor: In September I announced my plans to launch London Power – a new energy company for Londoners offering fairer energy prices, with electricity generated from 100 per centrenewable sources. Any profits made by the GLA will be reinvested into London’s communities. The company is expected to be launched by the end of this year.
Since I have made the announcement, over 900 people have registered an interest in the energy company at https://mylondonpower.com/. When the company is launched and ready for new customers at the end of this year, we expect the number of people joining to be significantly higher than the number of registrations, especially as that will be within a period when people are more likely to be looking to switch energy suppliers.

GOBLIN Free Travel

Joanne McCartney: I am aware that the month’s free travel on the Gospel Oak-Barking Line (GOBLIN) included the weekend of the 28/29th September when unmovable engineering works took place. Are there any plans to offer an extra weekend of free travel to ensure passengers get a whole month of free travel?

The Mayor: To give customers the equivalent of a month’s free travel, Transport for London extended the free travel period by two days. The offer began on Saturday 31 August and ended on Tuesday 1 October 2019 inclusive.

Project Horizon

David Kurten: What is Project Horizon and what plans are contained with Project Horizon for the size of London’s taxi fleet?

The Mayor: Project Horizon was an internal Transport for London efficiency programme focusing on non-operational services. It ended in 2012. As it was not focussed on London’s taxi and private hire vehicles, it did not include any plans for the size of London’s taxi fleet.

Vaping adverts on the TfL network

Onkar Sahota: Would an advert for vaping be refused under TfL’s advertising policy?

The Mayor: Each advert on the Transport for London (TfL) network is considered on a case by case basis. TfL does not currently accept advertisements for vaping on the London Underground. However, it is currently reviewing its overall approach to Vaping advertising. I will ask them to let you know the outcome of this review.

Tooting Town Centre

Leonie Cooper: Could you please update me on progress on improvements planned by TfL for Tooting Town Centre?

The Mayor: Transport for London (TfL) has completed its review of the responses to the public consultation about the planned pedestrian improvements in Tooting. Due to the complex nature of the discussions around some of the issues that were raised, TfL has yet to publish its planned next steps. Following the discussion you had with TfL about this project, it has confirmed that the consultation report, including the response to issues raised, will be published later this year and it will brief you again ahead of this.

Quality of Bus Operator Investigations of Bus Crashes

Caroline Pidgeon: Analysis of TfL’s July, September and October 2017 “Lessons Learned” reports released under Question 2017/4209 based on data taken from bus operator NIMI (Notification and Investigation of Major Incidents) submissions reveals that over 90% of the investigations of KSI collisions between pedestrians/cyclists and buses resulted in an “unexplained” result. Do you have confidence that bus operators are competently investigating KSI crashes involving their buses?

The Mayor: I am confident London bus operators are carrying out competent investigations to understand the circumstances around collisions as much as possible.
The NIMI process has been refined since July 2017 to make operator reviews of incidents more consistent. More in-depth data is reported on forms by operators following a major incident including road layout, environment, vehicle details and maintenance, driver records, and shift patterns. This has led to fewer “unexplained” results, and enhanced understanding of root causes.
Transport for London (TfL) has also introduced joint site visits shortly after serious incidents occur to enhance collaborative working and understanding with its bus operators. Operators now have dedicated TfL Health, Safety & Environment managers with whom they can liaise and share expertise with.

Metropolitan Line signalling problems

Caroline Pidgeon: In September there were severe delays and train shortages on the Metropolitan Line, related to the introduction of the new signalling system. What was the cause of these problems and could they have been avoided by better planning?

The Mayor: On 1 September, an additional section of new digital signalling was introduced between Finchley Road and Euston Square, and Latimer Road and Euston Square. This was a huge step forward in Transport for London’s (TfL’s) overhaul of the signalling system on some of the oldest and busiest parts of the network.
Introducing a new signalling system in a live environment is a huge change which can take time to settle, and unfortunately, Metropolitan line customers experienced disruption as a result.
TfL was aware that on the days following the introduction of new signalling there would be delays to Metropolitan line services. Ahead of the launch, TfL informed customers and stakeholders of the anticipated disruption via channels including email, posters, Metro newspaper and social media announcements.
All train operators were fully trained and certified to operate within the new signalling system prior to its introduction. However, as part of TfL’s commitment to safety, all train operators had to be accompanied through the new section by an instructor operator for their initial journeys through the new area. During this ‘familiarisation’ process, TfL had to operate a reduced service. TfL worked hard to restore good service, with an increasing number of trains available in service each day as more train operators completed their familiarisation trips.
On Monday 2 September a defective train at Finchley Road prevented trains running through the familiarisation area. This, as well as other minor operational incidents unrelated to the signalling, had a knock-on impact on the availability of train operators and delayed the broader familiarisation plan.
Throughout the period of disruption, TfL provided customers with continuous updates and social media support as service information became clearer. Oyster and contactless customers who were delayed by more than 15 minutes and whose journeys may have changed were automatically refunded.
General demand on the Tube is lower than average in the first week of September. The Metropolitan line was closed a number of times, including twice during the August holiday period, in order to test the new system and familiarise drivers as much as possible ahead of this latest signalling section of the network going live for passenger service. The only alternative would have been to close the network on a very large number of additional weekends which, in TfL’s judgment, would have been much more disruptive to Londoners.
TfL will be reviewing its plans as future sections of the new signalling are introduced to ensure disruption is kept to an absolute minimum.

Accuracy of TfL’s Bus Safety Data

Caroline Pidgeon: TfL’s “Analysis of bus collisions and identification of countermeasures” report published in October 2018 and the basis for TfL’s‘world leading bus safety standard’ states: “Only initial information relating to incidents is provided to TfL by bus operating companies on a prima facie basis. Incident investigations are carried out by the operating companies involved who retain resultant information. Incident investigations are carried out by the operating companies involved who retain resultant information.” If TfL only receives initial bus safety incident data and doesn’t retain investigation data, how can the data TfL bases policy decisions on and publishes for public scrutiny be considered accurate?

The Mayor: The national STATS19 dataset is the underpinning data source for all road safety policy and from which Transport for London (TfL) built its evidence base for the Bus Safety Standard (BSS). The BSS uses both the basic STATS19 data which is has been thoroughly analysed for trends as well as in-depth analysis of police files on fatal collisions involving buses in London.
Bus safety incident data is reported using TfL’s IRIS safety system.The data published is a snapshot of the initial incident reports captured in IRIS by bus operators and is an accurate reflection of these records. Where TfL does have records regarding investigations, for example as part of the NIMI (Notification and Investigation of Major Incidents) process for major incidents, these are published alongside IRIS data. IRIS is not used to make policy decisions at TfL.

The Elizabeth Line (1)

Shaun Bailey: What assessment have you made of the impact on London’s businesses on the continuing delay of the Elizabeth Line?

The Mayor: The Elizabeth line will be the single most significant new public transport infrastructure in London for decades and will transform travel across the capital. I remain frustrated at the delay and the impact this is having on millions of Londoners who expected the Elizabeth line to open last year. Crossrail Limited keeps London’s business community regularly up to date on progress with the project.
I recognise the huge commitment of the London business community to the Crossrail project and want it open for passengers as quickly as possible. Crossrail is jointly funded by Transport for London and the Government, with the majority of funding coming from London. London’s businesses have been critical in supporting this funding commitment through the Business Rate Supplement (BRS) and Mayoral Community Infrastructure Levy (MCIL). However, the Government was unwilling to provide any direct funding for the additional capital costs of the delay to the opening of the railway, so these have all been picked up by London. Through the financing, package agreed with the Government these additional costs will be met over time through the BRS and MCIL, but I have been clear that this will not be at a higher rate than has always been charged. Unfortunately, this means that the BRS and MCIL revenues cannot be used to fund other vital improvements to London’s infrastructure while that financing is repaid.

Uber (2)

David Kurten: Apart from the high-profile case of Uber in June 2018, how many other operators had their license revoked since you took office in May 2016. If so, were they permanent and what was the reason for the revocations?

The Mayor: Since May 2016, Transport for London (TfL) has revoked 271 private hire operator licences. Of these operators, 11 have since successfully appealed TfL’s licensing decision.The reasons for revocation include:
• Ceased trading/company dissolved
• Non-payment of licence fee
• Touting offence(s)
• Failure to meet licence condition(s)
• Failure to maintain records in line with regulations
• Failed compliance inspection
• Criminal conviction(s)

205 Bus Route

Jennette Arnold: The changes to the 205 bus route are impacting unfairly on my constituents They report that: Marylebone Underground Station has no step-free access; there is only one bus service operating at the station; a person with limited mobility exiting the station and wanting to travel west by bus has to cross Marylebone Road on foot to connect with a service; the No 2 bus terminates at Marylebone and its journey takes users only south, not north, east or west; and the 453 terminus is not at Marylebone. Please explain either how you will rectify these issues or when you will reinstate the original 205 route.

The Mayor: Transport for London (TfL) completed an Equalities Impact Assessment for the changes to route 205 that assessed interchange walking routes between Marylebone station and replacement stops for the route. Both replacement stops are located on Marylebone Road to keep them within range of Marylebone station, with the eastbound stop located 130 metres from the station entrance and the westbound stop located no more than 270 metres from the station entrance. Interchange is available via Great Central Street, which provides a fully step-free route, including a straight ahead crossing with a green man phase across Marylebone Road. There is also a controlled crossing with a green man across Balcombe Road and a zebra crossing outside of Marylebone station. Both stops have a shelter, seating, lighting and passenger information.
The route was altered to run directly along Marylebone Road to be consistent with routes 18 and 27, creating one common stop for all passengers travelling east or west at Marylebone station. Previously the services were spread out with passengers having to walk between stops depending on which bus is stopping first. Additionally, routing the bus to the main road means two thirds of passengers using route 205 in the area will benefit from reduced journey times by up to three minutes.
Given the improvements to the service and available links to other bus routes and crossing facilities from Marylebone, TfL does not intend to return the route to its previous stops.

Gospel Oak to Barking train line

Caroline Pidgeon: What steps are TfL taking to work the with freight industry and Network Rail to ensure freight on this line is operated by electric rather than diesel trains?

The Mayor: The nature of the rail freight industry requires freight trains to travel long distances across the national network, following routes that are only partially electrified and often serving terminals which can only be accessed by diesel locomotives.
Transport for London (TfL) has worked closely with the industry for many years through the Strategic Freight Network, and has recently become a member of Network Rail’s new London Rail Freight Strategy working group, which will report back next year. Through this, TfL will argue for investment in ‘infill’ electrification - linking routes which are already electrified - to allow more services to switch from diesel to electric traction. TfL will also advocate the introduction of bi-mode freight locomotives, which can operate under electric power where available, and switch to diesel if necessary into and out of freight terminals.

Users of Hackney Central at Peak Times

Jennette Arnold: How many users currently travel through Hackney Central Station (including using the Walking Route from Hackney Downs Station) at peak times?

The Mayor: Around 7,000 customers use Hackney Central station during each peak period from 07:00 – 10:00 and 16:00 – 19:00.
This figure includes all customers entering and exiting the railway through the ticket hall at Hackney Central, as well as those interchanging between the North London Line and West Anglia Overground routes.
Transport for London (TfL) is aware the station is busy during peak periods. Staff are trained to ensure continued safe operation, through, for example, opening gates during the busiest periods. TfL is also planning a second entrance to alleviate capacity concerns, as explained in my response to 2019/20050.

Fares Freeze

Florence Eshalomi: Your 2017-2020 Fares freeze was estimated to cost £640m. Can you provide an estimate for a similar fares freeze covering 2021-2024, including what inflation figure you are using for every year?

The Mayor: All Transport for London (TfL) fares have been frozen since May 2016, and will remain frozen until 2020. This has permanently reduced the cost of fares in London, which had risen by 42 per cent between 2008 and 2016.
I set TfL fares on an annual basis and any future fares policy would be modelled and reflected in future iterations of TfL’s annual Business Plan.

Delays in public release of Loughborough University Study of Bus Driver Fatigue

Keith Prince: Per your response to 2019/17463, in addition to Bus Operators and Unite the Union, were there any other parties that were shown drafts and allowed to comment on the Loughborough University Fatigue Study before it was published in August 2019?

The Mayor: Besides the bus operators and the union Unite, no other external parties were invited to comment on the research and main findings before its publication. However, it was shared with the Traffic Commissioner and a member of TfL’s Safety, Sustainability & HR panel for their information prior to publication.
The report was published on 28 August 2019 in line with the commitment to share the full contents by summer. Because of this approach, Transport for London and its bus operators were also able to provide interim responses to the outcomes of the fatigue research.

Vision Zero implications of larger vehicles

Caroline Russell: Independent analysis of vehicle collision data (https://www.forbes.com/sites/carltonreid/2019/08/15/restrict-twice-as-deadly-suvs-in-u-k-cities-urge-transport-data-scientists/#168b13b761e1) has identified a potentially higher risk of death for people walking when they are hit by vehicles with larger engines. What work is Transport for London (TfL) and the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) undertaking to collect and analyse data on the characteristics of vehicles involved in collisions to target their actions as part of Vision Zero?

The Mayor: My Vision Zero Action Plan, http://content.tfl.gov.uk/vision-zero-action-plan.pdf, recognises that vehicles with larger engines, including heavy goods vehicles and buses, present the greatest risk to people walking, cycling and riding motorcycles.
That is why I have asked Transport for London (TfL) to introduce a world leading Bus Safety Standard to be applied across the entire bus fleet, which will be incorporated into all new bus operator contracts. TfL are also launching the world’s first Direct Vision Standard for Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) and are working as part of the London Freight Enforcement Partnership to further understand and improve HGV safety standards.
It is also recognised that vehicles with larger engines are not necessarily larger vehicles, but are potentially more powerful private vehicles more able and likely to travel at inappropriately high speed. It is for this reason that TfL and the Metropolitan Police are redoubling their efforts to crack down on excess speed on London’s streets.
Personal injury road traffic collisions are reported to TfL by the police in accordance with national STATS20 instructions. Transport for London undertakes detailed analysis of each collision that results in death and serious injury, including the characteristics of the vehicles involved. As part of the national STATS20 review, TfL is also working with the Department for Transport to improve the reporting of the engine capacity of vehicles involved in collisions.

Uber (4)

David Kurten: Uber has been refused Operator Licenses in several districts and has allegedly ignored regulations by allowing drivers using their App to accept hirings outside of the 'Controlled District' in which they (as Operator) are licensed to operate. If these allegations are correct, is Uber committing offences contrary to s.46 (1) (d) and 2 of the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976?

The Mayor: As stated in Mayor's Question 2019/19725 Transport for London (TfL), as the licensing authority and regulator for taxi and private hire services in London, is satisfied that Uber London Limited meets the requirements of the Private Hire Vehicles (London) Act 1998 in accepting bookings in London.
TfL continues to monitor Uber London Limited’s compliance with legal obligations as an operator. TfL is not responsible for regulating Uber companies outside of London.

Communication about Fatigue Management between TfL and First Group TOL

Keith Prince: Per the Terms of Reference for IA 13744 you released in response to Question 2019/12003, please provide me with all notes, memos, emails about Driver Fatigue and Audit IA 13744 sent between TfL and First Group TOL between the dates of 1 March 2014 and 6 June 2014.

The Mayor: I have asked Transport for London to provide you with a response to this request.

Silvertown Tunnel Emissions

Florence Eshalomi: It is reported (https://www.transport-network.co.uk/Prime-minister-and-TfL-accused-of-climate-censorship-on-Silvertown/16055) that TfL and the Planning Inspectorate agreed that the Environmental Statement would not include its include its own ‘separate climatic factors topic', instead carbon would be subsumed under the ‘Air Quality’ heading. How satisfied are you that the full effect of the traffic carbon emissions are known?

The Mayor: I am satisfied that Transport for London (TfL) has fully and properly assessed the impacts of the Silvertown Tunnel scheme, including carbon emissions. Any claims to the contrary are untrue and unsubstantiated. Carbon emissions were reported in the Environmental Statement (chapter 6 Air Quality) and the Energy and Carbon Statement. Both of these documents were included within the Development Consent Order submission to the Planning Inspectorate and considered as part of the public examination into the scheme.
I am also satisfied that the binding legal commitments to further monitoring and assessment, which includes calculating carbon emissions in operation, will enable TfL to continue to understand the environmental effects of the scheme as it progresses, and develop and implement appropriate additional mitigation if required.

Metropolitan Line

Susan Hall: What are you doing to tackle the shortage of drivers on the London Underground Network, particularly the Metropolitan Line where this is causing delays to the regular service?

The Mayor: There is no shortage of drivers on the Tube and the Metropolitan line challenges were not the result of driver shortage but of the requirement to familiarise train operators with the new signalling system as part of Transport for London’s commitment to safety. Good progress is being made with embedding the new signalling system.

Woolwich Ferry (1)

Caroline Pidgeon: I have seen figures showing that the total availability of the two new Woolwich ferries has been as low as 53% in June 2019. What steps are being taken to ensure this poor performance is improved?

The Mayor: Although there have been a number of reliability problems with the Woolwich Ferry since the new vessels started earlier in the year, during the specific month referred this was primarily due to industrial action. Transport for London is taking an extremely active role in improving the technical issues, which are principally due to the power management system on the ferries and is urging the parties involved in the industrial action to resolve their differences to avoid further disruption to customers’ journeys.

Brexit preparedness funding (3)

Leonie Cooper: When is the London Economic Action Partnership expecting additional funding to support their business readiness activity delivered through the London Growth Hub?

The Mayor: On 14 October 2019 the GLA submitted an application for funding to the Department of Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS) in order to support business readiness activity as part of LEAP’s London Growth Hub programme. No date has been confirmed by Government for receipt of this funding.

High streets (6)

Leonie Cooper: What discussions have you had with your Business Advisory Board about high streets?

The Mayor: Many issues affecting high streets and town centres have been discussed at previous meetings of the Business Advisory Board. It is likely that this will be a major topic for the Board in the new year

Woolwich Ferry (2)

Caroline Pidgeon: I understand that on the 29th and 30th May 2019 the Ben Woolcott Woolwich ferry was unavailable with the reason being ‘Hybrid trials’. Can it be clarified why such trials only took place on these dates and does the existence of such trials on these dates mean that the boat was not operating in hybrid mode from the date it started to operate?

The Mayor: There have been issues with the power management system on the new ferries. Because of this it has not been possible to optimise the use of the batteries as the manufacturer originally stated. The trials in May were to ensure this was rectified once other reliability issues had been addressed.

Night bus crime

Susan Hall: For each of the years Oct 16 to Sep 17, Oct 17 to Sep 18 and Oct 18 to Sep 19, how many crimes have been committed on night buses, broken down by crime type?

The Mayor: The below table shows night bus-related crimes between 1 October 2016 until 30 September 2019. Night buses are buses that run between the hours of 22:00 and 05:59 (night and 24 hour routes). Bus-related crime data includes all crime which occurs on a bus, at a bus stop or bus station, or if the offence was initiated on a bus or at a bus stop (e.g. victim was followed off a bus by suspect). This is the raw data of the total number of crimes reported to the police, and does not take into account changes in passenger numbers or night bus service changes.
1 October 2016 – 30 September 2017
1 October 2017 – 30 September 2018
1 October 2018 – 30 September 2019
Criminal Damage
341
221
173
Drugs
39
30
34
Fraud or Forgery
5
6
0
Other Accepted Crime
31
21
32
Other Notifiable Offences
39
34
35
Robbery
266
244
400
Sexual Offences
176
158
166
Theft and Handling
1804
1452
1643
Violence against a person
1261
1145
1063
Total
3962
3311
3746

Electric Vehicles

Nicky Gavron: You have launched the Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Taskforce, with a commitment to set up at least 5 flagship rapid charging hubs across the capital.
It is likely that there will be new technologies emerging for electric charging. When will you be producing guidance to ensure that Businesses, Boroughs and individuals invest in charging technologies that do not become redundant? Which investors have come forward?


Would you recommend that Londoners switch to electric vehicles? How will you send clear signals to Londoners about the right choices?

The Mayor: The British Electrotechnical and Allied Manufacturers’ Association (BEAMA), a member of my EV Taskforce, has committed to publish guidance in 2019/20 on future proofing electric vehicle infrastructure. This is to encourage investors and avoid isolated charging infrastructure assets.
I am aware of a number of different investors working with infrastructure providers investigating charging hubs across London. However, for commercial reasons Transport for London is unable to share further details while discussions are ongoing.
As set out in my Transport Strategy, I want to see Londoners moving out of their vehicles to more active and sustainable modes and have set a target in my transport strategy for 80% of trips to be using these modes by 2041. However, for essential traffic including taxis, private hire vehicles, commercial traffic and those who need to travel by car, the clear signal I am giving with the publication of the EV Taskforce Delivery Plan is to switch to electric vehicles. The plan looks out to 2025 and shows that by working with private sector, charging infrastructure should no longer be a barrier to the uptake of electric vehicles.

New support for London’s small businesses preparing for Brexit

Tony Devenish: Regarding your press release titled "New support for London’s small businesses preparing for Brexit" and dated 7th October. Please supply further information re exactly what will be available from the Huddle (Hammersmith & Fulham) Growth Hub? Ideally with a link to a web site.

The Mayor: The London Growth Hub will be offering face to face business support offer through 5 physical sites.
Huddle will host the London Growth Hub in west London, with the other four sites in Woolwich, Croydon, Tottenham and Vauxhall. All sites will be staffed with London Growth Hub business advisors, who will provide information, diagnostics and brokerage. The sites will also have a suite of business support programmes, to help businesses grow, increase productivity and become resilient to the potential economic challenges brought by Brexit.
Information about the support that will be offered by the London Growth Hub and how to book appointments with advisers will be available from the 1stNovember on www.growthhub.london.

Green Roofs on Bus Stops

Joanne McCartney: Are there any plans to install green roofs on bus stops? This would help reduce pollution along main roads.

The Mayor: Transport for London (TfL) already has one green roof bus shelter at Baker Street. It will trial a further five green roofs next year, with the intention of increasing flower biodiversity and helping pollinating insects along the identified London B-Line.
To make this work cost effective, TfL will coordinate it with its normal bus shelter renewal programme, as the bus shelters were not originally designed to carry weight on their roofs and will need to be reinforced. TfL plans to plant the new green roofs in early spring, when the planting season allows.

Live facial recognition technology misidentification

Siân Berry: At the UCL event, Learning from Police trials of Live Facial Recognition on 29 May 2019 the Metropolitan Police Senior Technologist acknowledged that their live facial recognition had shown notable gender bias towards women, misidentifying them at higher rates than men. On this basis alone, how can you allow the Metropolitan Police to continue using this technology, notwithstanding the additional significant human rights and privacy concerns with this technology?

The Mayor: I welcome this extensive report into the potential implications of facial recognition software, and the recommendation that this technology should only be deployed by the police after five conditions are met – including strict new guidelines.The second of theseconditionsis as follows:It can be shown from trial data (and other available data) that the technology itself will not import unacceptable gender and racial bias into policing operations.
The Mayor’s Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC) will continue to work closely with the Met and ensure the panel’s recommendations are addressed before further deployment.

Good Work Standard update

Caroline Russell: How many organisations and companies are currently signed up to your Good Work Standard? Please provide the data in numerical form.

The Mayor: So far, 40 employers have been accredited to the Good Work Standard. A further 48 have begun the process of accreditation.
I want as many employers as possible to sign up to the Good Work Standard as I believe this is the benchmark for employment standards that all employers should aim to achieve.

Notes about IA 17780 taken by TfL executives at 2017 and 2018 Board Level Meetings

Keith Prince: Please provide me with copies of any contemporaneous notes (including handwritten) which mention First Group Fatigue Management or IA 17780 taken by TfL executives at the following Board Level Meetings: 28 September 2017, 22 November 2017, 22 January 2018, 23 May 2018.

The Mayor: I have asked Transport for London to provide you with a response to this request.

Hostile streets at Lombard roundabout in Croydon

Caroline Russell: Lombard roundabout in Croydon has approval from the Department for Transport (DfT) to proceed to the next stage of development in its major road network programme. Will you ensure that your scheme addresses community severance and resolves high-risk road danger issues for people walking and cycling as set out in recommendation three of The London Assembly Transport Committee report, Hostile Streets, in December 2017?

The Mayor: The main purpose of the Lombard Roundabout scheme is to reduce collisions, which are currently above the outer London average. Lombard Roundabout is a very busy vehicular interchange, especially for freight and buses and TfL intends to re-examine the junction to reduce severance and air pollution and make the area more pleasant to visit. This will include a strong focus on my Healthy Streets approach to prioritise the needs of people walking, cycling and using public transport. The Department for Transport’s recent announcement will allow this scheme to progress to the next stage of development.

Vision Zero Action Plan

Navin Shah: Thank you for your reply to MQ 2019/3997. Can you please explain howdata on road use by horse riders and drivers is compiled to enable appropriate decision-making on road improvements which may benefit or disadvantage them, and who are the statutory consultees?

The Mayor: Personal injury road traffic collisions, involving ridden horses or horse-drawn vehicles, and which occur on the public highway, are reported by the police to Transport for London (TfL) in accordance with the Department of Transport’s STATS 20 instructions (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/230596/stats20-2011.pdf). This information, alongside other operational and qualitative data we capture about the functioning of London’s road network, informs the selection, design and delivery of schemes on London’s roads.
TfL engages with stakeholders and runs public consultations to allow feedback on proposed road changes, including how these might affect the way different users use the network. Where particular needs are identified (for example a requirement for crossing facilities for horse-riders) TfL responds appropriately and factors this into the scheme design. While public consultations are open to anyone, TfL proactively engages with organisations or stakeholders who it identifies as likely to be more significantly affected by a given scheme.
An example of where engagement with the local community, including horse riders, has resulted in the delivery of horse-related infrastructure, is the dedicated crossing facilities for horse riders, cyclists and pedestrians that were delivered at Robin Hood roundabout on the A3 at Kingston Vale.

Good Work Standard and the Night Time Economy

Caroline Russell: There are 1.6 million people in London working at night and more than 530,000 of them are paid less than the London Living Wage. This is almost twice the number of people who are paid less than the London Living Wage during the day. You said in 2018, in response to my question 2018/3041, that the Good Work Standard would encourage employers to pay their employees the London Living Wage. Since November 2018, how many employers have increased the amount they pay to match the London Living Wage?

The Mayor: Since 1 November 2018, 396 employers headquartered in London have been accredited as Living Wage employers and increased the amount they pay their lowest-paid workers to the London Living Wage level.
The real Living Wage is a win-win for employers and employees. It can help employers with recruitment, retention and productivity. In short, it makes good commercial sense.
I am very pleased to say that 1600 London businesses are accredited Living Wage businesses, an increase of over 100 per centsince I became Mayor.

Vision Zero

Florence Eshalomi: How is the work progressing at the 73 dangerous junctions identified in Vision Zero and will the work be completed on schedule?

The Mayor: Within the ‘Vision Zero Action Plan’, published in July 2018, I challenged Transport for London (TfL) to deliver 41 out of a total 73 Safer Junctions by May 2020. 31 junctions are now complete, and TfL is currently on target to complete 41 within my first Mayoral term, with the remaining 32 junctions in design.

Perceptions of breastfeeding on the TfL network

Onkar Sahota: What work has TfL undertaken to assess Londoners’ perceptions of breastfeeding on the transport network, in order to identify potential barriers to people doing so?

The Mayor: In my London Food Strategy and Health Inequalities Strategy, I committed to help give Londoners the best possible start to life and GLA officers are working closely with my London Food Board, breastfeeding experts and frontline professionals to develop the first action plan to make London a baby friendly city.
As part of this, we commissioned research to ascertain the barriers mothers living in or travelling through London experience when feeding their babies, and findings will inform the action plan.
Transport for London (TfL) is also committed to playing its part in making London a baby friendly city and has updated its ‘Travelling in London when pregnant or with a buggy’ guidance, issued alongside the ‘Baby on Board’ badges, to include a section on infant feeding. This information has been published online and printed copies are available in Underground stations. TfL has also briefed its operational staff across all modes.

The Elizabeth Line (4)

Shaun Bailey: What is your financial contingency plan if the Elizabeth Line is delayed again past March 2021?

The Mayor: Transport for London’s (TfL’s) 2018 Business Plan included an assumption of a £600m reduction in forecast revenue over three years as a result of the delay to the opening of the Elizabeth line. This was a prudent assumption based on the information available at the time about Crossrail’s delivery schedule.
Crossrail Ltd has since announced that it expects the central section of the Elizabeth line to open within a six-month window that has a midpoint of December 2020.
TfL will be publishing the annual update to its Business Plan later this year, which will include updated revenue projections for the Elizabeth line based on the latest delivery forecasts from Crossrail Ltd, as well as wider spending plans.

The Elizabeth Line (2)

Shaun Bailey: What is the impact on London’s regional economic growth as a result of the continuing delay of the Elizabeth Line?

The Mayor: Crossrail Ltd has not commissioned any specific research on this issue. However, Transport for London has analysed Mayoral Community Infrastructure Levy (MCIL) receipts and there is no indication that the number of new developments have reduced since the announcement of the delay to the Elizabeth Line. MCIL payments are made on commencement of new developments and are a good indicator of the amount of development taking place across the capital.

The Elizabeth Line (3)

Shaun Bailey: What are the latest assessment results for the testing taking place on the Elizabeth Line?

The Mayor: The Chief Executive of Crossrail Ltd provides a monthly update to the Chair of the London Assembly Transport Committee on progress with delivering the project, including latest testing. These updates are published on the Transport for London website at the following address:https://tfl.gov.uk/corporate/publications-and-reports/crossrail-project-updates

Safer junctions (1)

Caroline Pidgeon: Recent proposals for a number of Safer Junctions have seen numerous “critical issues” in Healthy Streets Check scores schemes retained, while existing Safer Junctions have been sites of fatal and serious injuries after they were improved. Will you commit to ensuring all junction safety schemes going forward actually deliver schemes that are safe and that achieve a Vision Zero level of quality?

The Mayor: Safer Junctions schemes are designed to significantly reduce collision risks to vulnerable road users, and are a vital part of my Vision Zero commitment to eliminate deaths and serious injuries from London's transport network by 2041. Many Safer Junctions completed to date have delivered substantial reductions in collisions so far – for example, 55 per centreduction at Ludgate Circus, 67 per centat St George’s Circus and 67 per centat Charlie Brown’s Roundabout. Where collisions have not reduced significantly, we are revisiting the site to look at what more can be done.
The Healthy Streets Check is not solely a measure of safety improvements, but encompasses many other factors such as urban realm enhancements – which are not intended to be the primary driver of the Safer Junctions investment. All schemes that have recently been consulted on have resulted in an increase to overall Healthy Streets Check scores. For example, the Edgware/Harrow Road proposals provide an uplift of 26 per cent when comparing the current situation to the planned improvements.
Safer Junction locations – alongside all major junctions on our network - are subject to ongoing monitoring and, where needed, further improvements will be made.

Hate crime offences

Shaun Bailey: What are the figures for hate crime offences each year for the past four years over the TfL network?

The Mayor: Transport for London began publishing hate crime statistics within its crime and incident bulletins in the financial year 2017/18, which are available on its website: https://tfl.gov.uk/corporate/publications-and-reports/crime-and-incident-bulletins
Data before this time has not been separated to differentiate hate crime from all other crime.

Self-employed Londoners

Fiona Twycross: Can you provide an update on the work you are taking to support self-employed Londoners receive the London Living Wage?

The Mayor: I am a strong advocate for the real Living Wage campaign and promote the London Living Wage wherever I can. For the purposes of Living Wage Foundation accreditation, self-employed workers who work for an accredited Living Wage employer for more than two hours for eight consecutive weeks must be paid the Living Wage. I will continue to do what I can to help these workers.
In October, we launched an online hub to empower Londoners of all backgrounds and professions to know, understand and enforce their rights at work.
The hub is free to access and provides users with an overview of employment rights, definitions of worker’s rights in plain English, and an interactive map of the capital’s employment advice and support agencies. Following the launch of my Good Work Standard, the site marks the latest step in my mission of making London the best city in the world in which to work.

Heathrow Airport and the Taxi Trade

David Kurten: Heathrow Airport has suggested that it plans to charge taxis to enter the Airport grounds from 2026.
Do you understand that this will unfairly impact taxi drivers, as they are legally required to take a fare to any destination within the Greater London area, unlike private hire vehicles, who are not legally required to take a fare requested via their operators and can also pass such a charge onto their customers, as they do not have a set fare structure?

The Mayor: As with so many issues relating to its Expansion Development Consent Order (DCO), Heathrow Airport Limited (HAL) has not sufficiently thought through the operation of its proposed road user access charge which would affect all vehicles accessing the airport.
HAL has failed to demonstrate a credible plan for an effective road user access charge, which it deems critical to its expansion plans. This again highlights how HAL has been unable to show that it can meaningfully address the severe environmental and surface access impacts of a third runway.